http://www.linusakesson.net/chipophone/index.php
For example, one can play the Super Mario Bros. theme live...
The Chipophone is a homemade 8-bit synthesizer, especially suited for live chiptune playing. It has been built inside an old electronic organ.
All the original tone-generating parts have been disconnected, and the keys, pedals, knobs and switches rerouted to a microcontroller which transforms them into MIDI signals. Those are then parsed by a second microcontroller, which acts as a synthesizer.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m1pchpDD5EU&feature=player_embedded#!